Neurohormones that are Effector Hormones:
|
Hormone Name |
Source (location of cell body which produces the hormone) |
Chemical Structure |
Target Tissue and Primary Effect |
|
Vasopressin (AVP or ADH) |
Magnocellular cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus |
peptide (9 amino acids) |
Kidney: water resorption. Blood vessels: vasoconstriction |
|
Oxytocin (Oxy) |
Magnocellular cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus |
peptide (9 amino acids) |
Mammary gland: milk ejection. Uterus: contractions during childbirth |
Neurohormones that are Releasing Factors:
|
Hormone Name |
Source (location of parvocellular neurons in hypothalamus) |
Chemical Structure |
Effect: Target Tissue (and target hormone) |
|
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) |
preoptic area, suprachiasmatic n., arcuate n. |
10 amino acids |
Gonadotrophs (stimulate FSH and LH release) |
|
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) |
paraventricular nucleus (PVN) |
3 amino acids |
Thyrotrophs (stimulate TSH release) |
|
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) |
medial basal hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus |
44 amino acids |
Somatotrophs (stimulate GH release) |
|
Somatostatin |
periventricular nucleus |
14 amino acids |
Somatotrophs (inhibit GH release) |
|
Dopamine |
arcuate nucleus |
monoamine |
Lactotrophs (inhibit Prl release) |
|
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) |
PVN |
41 amino acids |
Corticotrophs (stimulate ACTH and beta-endorphin release) |