September 3, 2003
- Volvo Fallacy
o Judge how likely something is to happen
o The ease with which you can come up with examples gives you and intuitive feeling as to how likely
o If its easy to think of examples it must be likely
- Comment about the questions we answered for today
o Got to ask questions that are answerable
o DonÕt expect a questions like the first one
¤ If a term makes no sense... ask a question like,
á ÒWhat is graduated property, the book saysÉ but it makes no senseÓ
o Questions like the second one are what she expects.
¤ ÒWe know thatÉ is the case, but what does it meanÓ
- Why is intelligence a graduated property
o Multi-dimensional
o Not a categorical thing
o Fluctuates among time and place
- Briefly discuss three aspects of intelligence that cannot be tested with the Turing Test
o What is the Turing Test
¤ Question and Answer test
¤ Can distinguish between person and computer
á Example:
o When signing up for email the warped word you need to type in to verify that you are a person
¤ Computers canÕt ÔreadÕ the warped word
¤ Trying to determine sex based on questions asked
¤ Point of the test
á Can computers be intelligent
á How would we know
á We have biases
o More likely to give something that looks like a person more human characteristics
á Gets around biases, since you canÕt see the other people
¤ Spin off
á Since early 90Õs
á LeobnizÕs Prize
á $100,000 and gold medal to first computer program that is undistinguishable from a person
á No one has won yet
á Happens every year
á Have different programs that enter the contest
á Judges talk to each contestant
o Person or computer
á Judges decide whether a person or computer
á What ever program gets the most person votes is the yearÕs winner and gets a bronze medal and $2000
o Characteristics that canÕt be tested
¤ Understanding
á Comprehension of the symbols you use
á Computer will not have a real understanding
¤ Creative
á CanÕt be outside the rules
á Can you have a set of rules that are complex enough that you canÕt see them
o So much so that you canÕt see the rules that exist simply from looking at the end program
o Discussion about what is creativity, what is learning
¤ We know precisely what ÔprogramÕ went into the computer
á Does this mean that it canÕt be creative/intelligent
á Cog Ð computer that learns
- Eliza
o Program that was trying to mimic therapy in a specific style
o Answered everything with a question
o Link so we can play on the web with different programs
- How do we know Searle understands English
o Based on the Chinese Room
o How do we know that what you experience as ÒblueÓ is the same as what I experience as ÒblueÓ or joy or pain
o Functionally equivalent to someone who understands namely myself
¤ Reasoning by analogy
- Why does it matter to know whether a computer has real ÔintellegenceÕ
o Is there a difference
o WhatÕs wrong with defining intelligence as a human characteristic
- Chinese room
o In class thing